Which movement disorder features grimacing, pursing of the lips, and protrusions of the tongue and may be a late complication of antipsychotic drugs?

• A. Dystonia
• B. Chorea
• C. Oral-Facial Dyskinesias
• D. Tremor

Answer: (C)

Late-onset dyskinesia from prolonged antipsychotic therapy. The described grimacing, lip pursing, and tongue protrusion are classic orofacial movements seen in tardive dyskinesia. These arise after months to years of dopamine D2 receptor blockade, as the motor circuits adapt and become hyperactive in repetitive, involuntary ways.

This differs from dystonia, which involves sustained muscle contractions and abnormal postures often appearing early in treatment; chorea, which features irregular, dance-like jerky movements that can involve the limbs and trunk; and tremor, which is rhythmic, oscillatory movement typically seen as a resting tremor. The facial/oral pattern that develops late with antipsychotic exposure best fits oral-facial dyskinesias.